Offline verification is the ability to confirm the authenticity and integrity of a verifiable digital credential without requiring an internet connection or contacting the issuer at the time of presentation. Verification occurs locally between the holder’s device and the verifier’s reader using cryptographic proofs that can be validated on the spot.
This model is particularly useful for in-person credential checks where network connectivity may not be available or practical, like in rural or remote areas.
How offline verification works
Offline verification relies on public key infrastructure (PKI). When an issuer creates a credential, it signs the credential data using its private key. Verifiers obtain and store the corresponding public keys in advance through trusted distribution mechanisms.
When a credential is presented, the verifier checks the digital signature locally. If the signature validates and the credential data has not been altered, the credential is confirmed as authentic without requiring a network connection.
Presentation methods
Offline verification typically uses short-range, device-to-device communication technologies:
NFC (Near Field Communication) enables credential presentation by tapping a phone against a verifier’s reader, allowing a secure, encrypted exchange.
QR codes are used to initiate device engagement or establish parameters for a local data exchange between the holder’s device and the verifier’s system.
In these flows, credential data is exchanged directly between the holder and verifier during the interaction.
Where offline verification is used
Offline verification is well-suited for environments where:
Connectivity may be unavailable or unreliable
High-throughput, in-person checks are required
Verification must be completed quickly and consistently
Common examples include traffic stops, airport checkpoints, age-restricted retail transactions, and other face-to-face verification scenarios.
Operational characteristics
Offline verification emphasizes local validation, predictable performance, and independence from real-time network services. Verifiers rely on preloaded trust information and periodically updated cryptographic material to support ongoing operations.
Want to keep learning?
Subscribe to our blog.
